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Mindset
Chapter 2 · 0.5 min · 2 of 8

Inside the Mindsets

A chapter summary from Mindset by Carol S. Dweck.

Growth-mindset thinkers, given the same problem, lean toward the problem itself and treat their performance as data rather than verdict.

— From Mindset by Carol S. Dweck

The two mindsets show up in specific cognitive moves. Fixed-mindset thinkers, given a difficult problem, monitor themselves more than the problem — am I smart enough, am I being judged — and that self-monitoring crowds out attention on the task. Growth-mindset thinkers, given the same problem, lean toward the problem itself and treat their performance as data rather than verdict.

The same situation produces opposite emotional responses. A test result that says you scored worse than expected lands as identity damage in a fixed mindset and as actionable information in a growth mindset. The growth-mindset response — what specifically did I miss, what would I do differently — is not denial. It's the normal way of metabolizing failure when failure isn't pretending to be a permanent indictment.

Dweck's research finding most worth carrying: praise has a measurable effect on mindset. Praising children for being smart pushes them toward fixed; praising them for effort and strategy pushes them toward growth.

The implication for self-talk is the same. Stop congratulating yourself for being talented. Start congratulating yourself for what you tried, what you noticed, what you adjusted.

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The Truth About Ability and Accomplishment
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